Freeze-drying is a drying method. However, it requires relatively expensive specialized equipment and consumes a large amount of energy during the drying process, thus resulting in a high processing cost. Currently, it is mainly applied in the following aspects.
1. In terms of biological specimens and biological tissues: such as the preparation of various animal and plant specimens, and the drying and preservation of marginal tissues like skin, bones, aorta, and heart valves for animal xenotransplantation or allogeneic transplantation.
2. Prepare small tissue sections for optical microscopes, electron scanning microscopes and transmission microscopes.
3. In terms of food drying: such as coffee, tea, meat, fish and eggs, seaweed, fruits, vegetables, seasonings, tofu, convenience foods, etc.
4. In terms of high-end nutritional products and Chinese herbal medicines: such as royal jelly, honey, pollen, and Chinese herbal medicine preparations, etc.
5. In terms of the preparation of ultrafine powders: such as the production of Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2, Ba2Cu3O7-8, Ba2Ti9O20 and other ultrafine powders.
6. Other aspects: For instance, in the chemical industry, catalysts can increase catalytic efficiency by 5 to 20 times after freeze-drying. The plant leaves and soil were freeze-dried and preserved to study the effects of soil, fertilizer and climate on plant growth and the roles of factors. Damp wooden cultural relics, damaged books and manuscripts, etc. are dried by freeze-drying.
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